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Philippines
Philippines
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1890 |
Philippine brewer San Miguel began making beer. Links: Philippines, Beer 
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1898 Aug 13 |
Manila, the capital of the Philippines, fell to the U.S. Army under Adm. George Dewey. It was later reported that Dewey had agreed to sacrifice the lives of American soldiers in order to give Spanish officers, who had retained dead soldiers on payroll, a chance to report heavy fatalities back to Spain. Links: USA, Philippines
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1905 Jul 29 |
US Secretary of War William Howard Taft, under the approval of Pres. Theodore Roosevelt, and PM of Japan Katsura Taro signed the Taft-Katsura Agreement, which reinforced American and Japanese influence and spelled doom for Korean sovereignty. Japan agreed not to interfere in the ongoing US rape of the Philippines in return for the US agreement not to interfere with Japan’s forthcoming rape of Korea. Links: USA, Japan, Korea, Philippines, RooseveltT
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1905 |
US General Leonard Wood (b.1860) took over as military commander of the Philippines. Links: USA, Philippines
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1935 Nov 22 |
Pan Am inaugurated the first transpacific airmail service, San Francisco to Manila. The Pan Am China Clipper under Captain Ed Musick took off from Alameda Point bound for the Philippines with 111,000 letters. It was the company's first trans-Pacific flight. The plane was a 25-ton Martin M-130 flying boat with a wingspan of 130 feet, and was the largest aircraft in world service. Links: USA, Philippines, Postage, Aviation, SF
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1942 |
The US Dept. of Agriculture produced the film “Hemp for Victory,” which urged farmers to grow hemp after Japan’s seizure of the Philippines curtailed supply. Links: USA, Japan, Philippines, Film, Agriculture
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1945 Feb 23 |
During World War II, U.S. Marines on Iwo Jima captured Mount Suribachi, where they raised the American flag. John Bradley (d.1994), was one of the soldiers who raised the US flag at Iwo Jima. The carnage on the 8-sq.-mile island continued for another 31 days. The flag raising was captured by AP photographer Joseph Rosenthal (1911-2006) and inspired the 1954 sculpture by Felix de Weldon (d.2003) erected in Washington DC. Sgt. Bill Genaust filmed the event with a 16mm camera and died in combat 9 days later. Links: Philippines, Photography, Journalism
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1954 Sep 8 |
SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization), a sister organization to NATO, was created under the Manila Pact by the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty, to stop communist spread in Southeast Asia (Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos). The United States, Australia, France, Great Britain, New Zealand, the Philippines, Pakistan, and Thailand signed the mutual defense treaty. SEATO dissolved in 1977. Links: Australia, Britain, USA, France, Pakistan, Vietnam, Philippines, Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, New Zealand
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1957 |
Jose Cojuangco, the father of Corazon Aquino, promised various Philippine government agencies that lent him money to buy Hacienda Luisita, a 14,800 acre sugar plantation, that he would sell much of the land to the peasants who worked it. He never did so. Links: Philippines, Real Estate
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1966 |
The Asian Development Bank, headquartered in the Philippines, was created to recycle the rich world’s surpluses to capital starved Asia. Links: Philippines, Banking
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1967 Aug 8 |
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations or ASEAN was established in Bangkok by the five original Member Countries, namely, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. Brunei Darussalam joined on 8 January 1984, Vietnam on 28 July 1995, Laos and Myanmar on 23 July 1997, and Cambodia on 30 April 1999. Links: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Singapore, ASEAN
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1967 |
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was formed by Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Brunei, Myanmar, Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. Links: Vietnam, Burma, Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Singapore
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1969 Dec 30 |
In the Philippines Ferdinand Marcos (1917-1989) won an unprecedented second term as president. Links: Philippines
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1969 |
At their peak in 1969, 68,889 combat troops from Australia, New Zealand, the Republic of Korea, Thailand and the Philippines were deployed in Vietnam. Links: Australia, Vietnam, Philippines, South Korea, New Zealand
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1970 Jun 11 |
Frank Laubach, Christian Evangelical missionary, died. In 1935, while working at a remote location in the Philippines, he developed the "Each One Teach One" literacy program. It has since been used to teach about 60 million people to read in their own language. Links: USA, Philippines, Language
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1970 Nov 27 |
Pope Paul VI, visiting the Philippines, was slightly wounded at the Manila airport by Benjamin Mendoza, a dagger-wielding Bolivian painter disguised as a priest. Links: Artist, Bolivia, Philippines, Vatican
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1971 Jan 24 |
Pvt. Rogelio Roxas (d.1993), a former Filipino soldier, allegedly discovered the war treasure of Japanese Gen’l. Tomoyuki Yamashita in caves near Baguio City. Roxas was arrested on May 18, 1971, and jailed for 5 years. The gold bullion was reportedly taken away by Pres. Marcos. Links: Japan, Philippines, Robbery
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1971 Jun |
Manuel Elizalde (d.1971), a Filipino official, allegedly found the Tasaday, a lost Stone Age tribe, on Mindanao Island. Enthusiastic reports led to a book, ''The Gentle Tasaday: A Stone Age People in the Philippine Rain Forest'' (1975) by John Nance. Skeptics were dismayed in 1974 when Mr. Elizalde, citing a need to protect the Tasadays from exploitation and the harmful effects of too much contact with civilization, blocked any further visits by social scientists. Links: Philippines
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1971 Aug 21 |
In the Philippines there was a grenade attack on a political rally of the opposition Liberal party. It nearly wiped out the party's senatorial slate running against Marcos' Nacionalista Party. Marcos blamed the communists, but others believed that Marcos planned the attack. Links: Philippines
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1972 Sep 21 |
Ferdinand Marcos (b.1929) signed Proclamation 1081 placing the Philippines under a state of martial rule, which lasted for the next 14 years. Links: Philippines
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1972 Dec 7 |
Imelda Marcos, wife of Philippine President Ferdinand E. Marcos, was stabbed and seriously wounded by an assailant who was then shot dead by her bodyguards. Links: Philippines
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1972 |
The conflict between the government and Muslim rebels began. A full-scale guerrilla war began in which some 120,000 people were killed by 1999. Links: Philippines
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1974 Mar 9 |
Officer Hiroo Onoda, the last Japanese soldier operating in the Philippines, surrendered, 29 years after World War II ended. Links: Japan, Philippines
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1974 Jul 19 |
In the Philippines a Miss Universe beauty pageant was held and thousands of squatters around Manila were forcibly moved out of sight. Amparo Munoz of Spain won. Links: Spain, Philippines, Pageant
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1975 Oct 1 |
Muhammad Ali beat Joe Frazier after 14 rounds for the heavyweight boxing title in Manila. Links: USA, Philippines, Boxing
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1976 |
In the Philippines a World Bank Conference was held and thousands of squatters around Manila were forcibly moved out of sight. Links: Philippines, World Bank
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1976 |
In the Philippines the last execution until 1999 was made. Links: Philippines
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1976 |
Philippine student Yobie Benjamin was arrested and jailed for helping lead protests at the Univ. of the Philippines against the dictatorship of Pres. Ferdinand Marco. Benjamin spent 9 months in jail. He later established himself as an entrepreneur and created GoodStorm, an e-commerce company, that was sold to Zazzle.com in 2008. GoodStorm sold products on behalf of nonprofit organizations. Links: Philippines
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1977 Jun 30 |
SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization), the regional defense organization created to protect members from communist expansionism, formally ended. The organization had been created by the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty on Sep. 8, 1954, in response to events in Korea and Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos). It members were Australia, France, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Pakistan withdrew in 1968 and France withdrew financial support. SEATO had one final exercise on Feb. 20, 1976, formally ending a little over a year later. Links: Australia, Britain, USA, France, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, New Zealand, SEATO
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1977 Aug |
Japan’s PM Fukuda visited 5 ASEAN nations and in Manila promised SE Asia that Japan forever renounced aggression against its neighbors. This became known as the Fukuda doctrine. Links: Japan, Philippines, ASEAN
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1978 Oct 27 |
Typhoon Rita struck in the Philippines and killed 150 people. Links: Philippines, Hurricane
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1978 |
In the Philippines Tony Tan Caktiong formed Jollibee after realizing that customers in his Manila ice cream parlor liked his soy and sugar seasoned burgers better than his sundaes. Links: Philippines, Food
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1979 May 3 |
In the Philippines a UN Conference on Trade and Development opened as thousands of squatters around Manila were forcibly moved out of sight. Links: Philippines, UN
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1981 Feb 17 |
Pope John Paul II met with President Marcos in Manila. Links: Philippines, Vatican
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1981 |
Emily Hahn (1905-1997) wrote: "The Islands: America’s Imperial Adventures in the Philippines." Links: USA, Philippines, Books
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1981 1989 |
In the Philippines leaders of the Communist Party and the New People's Army later acknowledged that a number of rebel commanders killed 600-900 suspected spies and government informers in the southern Mindanao region during the 1980s. In 2006 soldiers found mass graves in an area called "Garden," a hilly jungle near the town of Inopacan in Southern Leyte province. Links: Philippines
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1981 |
In the Philippines Hashim Salamat founded the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) when he and followers split from the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF). Links: Philippines
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1983 Aug 21 |
Philippine opposition leader Benigno S. Aquino Jr., ending a self-imposed exile in the United States, was shot dead moments after stepping off a plane at Manila International Airport. Fabian Ver (d.1998 at 78), leader of the Philippine army, was among 20 men later charged in the murder of Aquino. Ver fled to Hawaii in 1986 along with Marcos. Links: USA, Philippines, Assassin
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1983 Sep 21 |
In the Philippines at least 7 people were killed in anti Marcos demonstrations in Manila. Links: Philippines
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1984 |
In the Philippines the volunteer National Citizen’s Movement for Free Elections (Namfrel) was founded by business and church leaders disgusted with the corrupt elections run by the Marcos government. Links: Philippines
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1986 Feb 7 |
The Philippines held a presidential election marred by charges of fraud against the incumbent, Ferdinand E. Marcos. Corazon Aquino defeated incumbent dictator Ferdinand Marcos but fraudulent returns gave the election to Marcos. Links: Philippines, Fraud
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1986 Feb 15 |
The Philippines National Assembly proclaimed Ferdinand E. Marcos president for another six years, following an election marked by allegations of fraud. Marcos was later ousted. Links: Philippines, Fraud
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1986 Feb 22 |
In the Philippines a group of military officers mutinied against Pres. Marcos and holed him up with a small force at a military camp in Manila, leading to three days of protests by hundreds of thousands of citizens that finally toppled him. Links: Philippines, Mad Crowd
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1986 Feb 25 |
President Ferdinand E. Marcos fled the Philippines after 20 years of rule in the wake of a tainted election. Corazon Aquino assumed the presidency. Pres. Ferdinand Marcos was forced from office after 20 years of rule. He was accused of accumulating billions of dollars during his rule. The Marcoses fled to Hawaii and Imelda Marcos left behind her 5,400 shoes. Links: Philippines, Hawaii, Shoes, Govm’t Scandal
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1986 Feb 28 |
In the Philippines Pres. Corazon Aquino singed executive order No. 1 creating the Presidential Commission on Good Governance. It was created to trace and recover assets stolen under the Marcos regime, estimated at up to $10 billion. By 2007 only a quarter of that number was retrieved. Links: Philippines
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1986 Feb |
Eduardo Cojuangco (b.1935), aka Danding and crony capitalist to Pres. Marcos, fled the Philippines. Cojuango had acquired a controlling stake in San Miguel beer using public funds deposited in a bank that he controlled. In 1999 Mr. Cojuango regained his position as head of the board of San Miguel even pending litigation for 'ill-gotten wealth." Links: Philippines, Beer
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1986 Nov 13 |
In the Philippines the body of opposition trade leader union Rolando Olalia was found in a Manila suburb. Links: Philippines
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1986 Nov 23 |
Philippine President Corazon Aquino dismissed defense chief Juan Ponce Enrile after reported coup attempt. Links: Philippines
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1986 |
In the Philippines the Communist New People's Army staged Operation Zombie, a bloody purge of suspected informers. In 2001 some 75 bodies were discovered in 8 mass graves at Cagayan de Oro. Links: Philippines
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1986 |
In the Philippines the People Power Uprising took place on Manila's main thoroughfare, later renamed EDSA, Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, after one of the revolution's heroes. Links: Philippines
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1987 May 11 |
Legislative elections in the Philippines gave pro-Aquino candidates a large majority. Links: Philippines
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1987 Sep 19 |
Philippine leftist opposition leader Leandro Alejandro (b.1960) was murdered. Links: Philippines
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1987 Nov 26 |
Powerful typhoon whipped across Philippines, killing 270 people and damaging or destroying 14,000 homes. Links: Philippines
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1987 Dec 20 |
Some 4340 people were killed when the Dona Paz, a Philippine passenger ship, collided with the tanker Vector off Mindoro island, setting off a double explosion. Links: Philippines, Tragedy, Ship
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1987 Dec 20 |
Some 4,340 people were killed when the Dona Paz, a Philippine passenger ship, collided with the tanker Vector off Mindoro island, setting off a double explosion. Links: Philippines, Tragedy, Ship
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1987 |
A new constitution for the Philippines was drafted with checks and balances to prevent a return to strongman rule. Links: Philippines
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1987 |
The Philippines abolished the death penalty. Capital punishment was reimposed in 1994 in response to widespread crime. Links: Philippines
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1988 Oct 21 |
A federal grand jury in New York indicted former Philippine President Ferdinand E. Marcos and his wife, Imelda, on charges of fraud and racketeering. Marcos died before he could be brought to trial; his widow, Imelda, was acquitted in 1990. Links: USA, Philippines, New York, Fraud
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1988 |
The Philippine Congress, at the urging of Mrs. Aquino, passed the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP), which limited individual landowners to 7 hectares of farmland, but the legislation was filled with loopholes. Links: Philippines, Agriculture
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1988 |
In the Philippines Ed Gerlach, American priest, started the Bahay Tuluyan center for street kids in the Ermita district (a former red-light area) of Manila. Links: Philippines, Kids
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