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Tunisia
Tunisia
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100Mil BC |
Spinosaurus, a 55 foot, 8 ton dinosaur with crocodile-like jaws lived during this time in Argentina, Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria. Links: Algeria, Argentina, Morocco, Dinosaur, Tunisia, HistoryBC 
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586 BC |
The Jewish Ghriba synagogue in Djerba, Tunisia, was later said to date to about this time. The first Jews who arrived were said to have brought a stone from the ancient temple of Jerusalem that was destroyed by the Babylonians. Links: Israel, Jews, Tunisia, HistoryBC
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202 BC |
Roman forces under Scipio Africanus defeated Hannibal of Carthage on the Plains of Zama in northern Tunisia. Links: Carthage, Romans, Tunisia, HistoryBC
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632 661 |
The Rashidun Caliphate, also known as the Rightly Guided Caliphate, comprising the first four caliphs in Islam's history, was founded after Muhammad's death. At its height, the Caliphate extended from the Arabian Peninsula, to the Levant, Caucasus and North Africa in the west, to the Iranian highlands and Central Asia in the east. It was the one of the largest empires in history up until that time. Links: Azerbaijan, Qatar, UAR, Armenia, Iraq, Turkey, Pakistan, Cyprus, Libya, Iran, Egypt, Israel, Palestine, Syria, Sudan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Afghan, Tunisia, Islam
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700 900 |
The Hadith, the main guide for Muslims in interpreting the Koran, were evaluated and gathered into large collections mostly during the reign of Umar ibn AbdulAziz during the 8th and 9th centuries. Links: Azerbaijan, Qatar, UAR, Armenia, Iraq, Turkey, Pakistan, Cyprus, Libya, Iran, Egypt, Israel, Palestine, Syria, Sudan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Afghan, Tunisia, Islam
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1382 |
Ibn Khaldun (d.1406), Berber historian, was born in Tunis. He was also a social scientist and political activist and developed theories on economics and politics. He authored the "Muqaddimah" (introduction to history), that gave an in-depth analysis of the cyclical nature of the rise, maturation and decline of political regimes and economies. “Only tribes held together by a group feeling can survive in a desert.” Links: Berbers, Historian, Tunisia
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1535 |
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V led a naval expedition to Tunis against Barbarossa. The foray proved successful, but Barbarossa escaped and continued to fight. Links: Holy Roman Empire, Tunisia
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1798 Mar 26 |
Tunis, under the rule of Bey Hamuda Pasha, signed a treaty of peace and friendship with the US following negotiations with William Eaton. The American Revolutionary War veteran had been recently appointed consul to the North African kingdom. Links: USA, Tunisia
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1800 Jan 10 |
The US Senate ratified a peace treaty with Tunis. Links: USA, Tunisia
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1805 Apr 27 |
US navy ships began to bombard the Tripoli port of Derna. Mercenaries gathered in Egypt and a small contingent of US Marines under former Tunis consul William Eaton attacked Tripoli and captured the city of Derna [later part of Libya]. Links: Libya, Egypt, Tunisia, Tripoli
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1815 Aug 5 |
A peace treaty with Tripoli, which followed treaties with Algeria (Jun 30) and Tunis (Aug 28), brought an end to the Barbary Wars. Commodores Stephen Decatur and William Bainbridge had conducted successful operations against the Barbary States of Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli. Links: Algeria, USA, Libya, Tunisia, Tripoli
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1938 Apr 9 |
In Tunisia French troops cracked down on nationalist-inspired rioting in Tunis. 122 Tunisians were killed by French troops. Tunisians remembered this as Martyr’s Day. Links: France, Tunisia, Massacre
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1942 Nov |
German troops arrived in Tunisia. The nation was home to some 100,000 Jews at the time. The Germans imposed anti-Semitic policies that included fines, forcing Jews to wear Star of David badges and confiscating property. More than 5,000 Jews were sent to forced labor camps, where 46 are known to have died. About 160 Tunisian Jews in France were sent to European death camps. Links: Germany, Jews, Tunisia
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1943 Apr 19 1943 Apr 20 |
Lance Sgt. Haane Manahi (d.1987) of New Zealand performed gallant actions against overwhelming odds in the bloody battle for Takrouna, a fortified citadel in Tunisia, North Africa. In 2007 the Maori trooper was posthumously honored he 64 years after he was denied a top gallantry award despite a commendation signed by four commanding generals. Links: New Zealand, Tunisia
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1943 May 12 |
The Axis forces in Tunisia and all of North Africa surrendered. Links: Germany, Africa, Tunisia
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1943 |
In Tunisia Khaled Abdelwahhab hid a group of Jews on his farm outside Mahdia, saving them from the Nazi troops occupying the North African nation. In 2007 Abdelwahhab became the first Arab to be nominated for recognition as "Righteous Among the Nations," an honor bestowed on non-Jews who risked their lives to save Jews from Nazi persecution. Links: Germany, Israel, Jews, Tunisia
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1956 Mar 20 |
Tunisia was granted independence by France. Tunisia became an independent nation under the leadership of Habib Bourguiba, a Francophone lawyer. He launched a campaign advocating birth control. By 2003 the fertility rate plunged from 7.2 in the 1960s to 2.08. Bourguiba created a paternalistic and monopolistic ruling party that continued for 3 decades. Links: Tunisia
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1970 Sep 27 |
A cease-fire accord was signed in Cairo between the Jordanian army and Palestinian guerrillas by King Hussein and Yasser Arafat brokered by the Arab peace committee headed by Bahi Ladgham of Tunisia. Links: Egypt, Palestine, Jordan, Tunisia
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1977 Sep 10 |
Convicted murderer Hamida Djandoubi, a Tunisian immigrant, became the last person to date to be executed by the guillotine in France. Links: France, Murder, Tunisia
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1981 |
In Tunisia radical preacher Rached Ghannouchi and other intellectuals, inspired by Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood, founded the Islamic Tendency Movement, which denounced violence and endorsed pluralism and democracy. He was accused of fomenting unrest and sentenced to 10 years in prison. In 1987 he was sentenced to life behind bars with hard labor under the regime of Habib Bourguiba. Links: Tunisia
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1982 Aug 30 |
Palestinian Liberation Organization left Beirut, Lebanon, and moved to Tunis, Tunisia. Links: Palestine, Lebanon, Tunisia
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1985 Aug 21 |
Tunisia expelled 253 Libyans in apparent retaliation for Libya’s expulsion of over 20,000 Tunisian workers in recent weeks. Links: Libya, Tunisia
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1987 Nov 7 |
Zine El Abidine Ben Ali became president of Tunisia after doctors declared Habib Bourguiba (84) medically unfit to govern. Mr. Ben Ali led a peaceful coup that ended the 30 year rule of Habib Bourguiba. "The Tunisians are Sunni Muslims and deny polygamy, admit abortion, and abjure the veil." Links: Tunisia
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1988 Apr 16 |
Abu Jihad, [Khalil al-Wazzir], PLO-leader, was murdered by Israeli assassins in Tunisia. They left the chief strategist of the Palestinian uprising with 170 bullets in his body. The Palestine Liberation Organization accused Israel of assassinating al-Wazir, a top PLO military figure. Palestinians reacted angrily, and at least 14 were shot and killed by Israeli troops during clashes in the occupied Gaza Strip and West Bank. In 2012 Israel admitted responsibility for the killing of Abu Jihad. Links: Israel, Palestine, Tunisia
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1988 Dec 15 |
U.S. Ambassador Robert H. Pelletreau Jr. telephoned the PLO's headquarters in Tunisia, one day after President Reagan authorized direct talks. Links: USA, Palestine, Tunisia, ReaganR
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1989 |
The Arab Maghreb Union was created to encourage free trade between Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco and Tunisia. It failed to hold summit meetings after 1994. Links: Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Mauritania, Tunisia
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1989 |
Tunisia held elections which were heavily falsified. An Islamist-backed coalition still managed to win 17 percent of the vote. Islamist leader Rached Ghannouchi fled to Algeria. Hundreds of Islamist activists who stayed behind were thrown into prison, often on flimsy charges. In 1991 Ghannouchi moved to Britain. Links: Tunisia
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1990 |
The Europe and North Africa group formed. It gathered leaders from North Africa — Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, Mauritania and Libya — with leaders from France, Italy, Spain, Portugal and Malta. Links: Algeria, Italy, Portugal, Spain, France, Malta, Libya, Africa, Mauritania, Tunisia
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1991 |
In Tunisia military officers allegedly held secret meetings with a view to toppling Ben Ali. The case became known as the "Bakaret Essahel affair", named after a village 45 km (28 miles) south of Tunis. The officers involved were tortured. Links: Tunisia
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1992 |
Tunisia’s Pres. Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali banned the Islamist Ennahda party. Links: Tunisia
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1999 Mar 26 |
Hillary Clinton continued her 12-day African tour with a speech in Tunis at a women's rights conference. Links: USA, Tunisia
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1999 Oct 25 |
In Tunisia Pres. Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali won a 3rd term in office with over 99% of the vote. It was the nation's first multiparty presidential vote. Links: Tunisia
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1999 |
Algeria, Libya and Tunisia agreed to share the northwest Sahara aquifer system (NWSAS). Links: Algeria, Libya, Tunisia
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2000 Jan 19 |
Bettino Craxi (65), former 2-term Italian premier, died in Tunisia. He had fled Italy in 1994 to escape a corruption jail sentence. Links: Italy, Tunisia
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2000 Apr 6 |
In Tunisia Habib Bourguiba former president and independence leader, died at age 96. Links: Tunisia
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2000 May 31 |
In Luxembourg Neji Bejaoui, an unemployed Tunisian immigrant, took 37 chil-dren and 3 teachers hostage in Wasserbillig. Police posing as journalists shot and wounded the hostage-taker after a 30-hour standoff. No one else was injured. Links: Luxembourg, Tunisia, Migrant
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2002 Apr 11 |
In Tunisia a gas tanker truck crashed into the wall of a El Ghriba synagogue on the island of Djerba and killed 14 Germans, 6 Tunisians and a Frenchman. The government at first called it an accident. Later evidence indicated that it was an act of terrorism. Nizar Nawar (24), a Tunisian citizen who had studied in Canada, was the driver. Al Qaeda later claimed responsibility. In 2006 a Spanish court sentenced two men to a total of 10 years in prison for their part in a suicide bombing. In 2006 Nawar’s uncle, Belgacem Nawar (44), was convicted in Tunis and sentenced to years in prison for aiding in the attack. Links: Spain, France, Germany, Suicide, al-Qaida, Tunisia
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2002 May 7 |
An EgyptAir Boeing 737 with 62 people crashed in bad weather near Tunis. 14 people were killed. Links: Air Crash, Egypt, Tunisia
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2002 May 18 |
The pan-Arab newspaper Al-Sharq al-Awsat quoted Abdel Azeem al-Muhajir, a senior al Qaeda leader, that a strike against the US was imminent and that the recent attack in Tunisia was its work. Links: USA, al-Qaida, Tunisia
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2002 Sep 2 |
Tunisia's highest court upheld jail terms against opposition leader Hamma Hammami, head of the outlawed Communist Workers Party, and two officials of his political party. Links: Tunisia
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2003 Jun 20 |
A boat carrying some 250 people toward Italy sank off the Tunisian coast, killing at least 50 people. The boat's occupants were all thought to be illegal immigrants. Links: Tunisia
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2003 Jun 22 |
Greece seized a Comoros-flagged cargo ship that wandered the Mediterranean Sea with 750 tons of explosives on board. The Baltic Sky set off from Gabes, Tunisia, last month with the explosives and 8,000 detonators and fuses destined for Sudan. Links: Greece, Sudan, Ship, Tunisia, Comoros
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2003 Sep 30 |
Eighteen accused al-Qaida sympathizers were convicted in Belgium's biggest terrorism trial. Nizar Trabelsi of Tunisia, who once played professional soccer in Germany, received the maximum sentence of 10 years in prison from a court that also convicted 17 other men and acquitted five others. Links: Belgium, al-Qaida, Tunisia
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2003 Dec 5 |
In Tunisia an informal, two-day summit brought leaders from five southern European countries together with five of their counterparts from across the Mediterranean. Links: Tunisia
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2003 Dec 6 |
The Europe and North Africa summit ended a 2-day meeting in Tunisia. The group, formed in 1990, gathered leaders from North Africa — Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, Mauritania and Libya — with leaders from France, Italy, Spain, Portugal and Malta. Links: Algeria, Italy, Portugal, Spain, France, Malta, Libya, Morocco, Mauritania, Tunisia
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sustainable development information to research going green!
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2003 |
The African Development (AfDB) fled its home in the Ivory Coast and set up operations in Tunisia. Links: Ivory Coast, Africa, Tunisia, Banking
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2004 Feb 18 |
President Bush praised social progress in Tunisia and welcomed its leader, Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, as a partner in the fight against terrorism while also urging political reforms in the moderate Muslim nation in North African nation. Links: USA, Tunisia, BushGW
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2004 Apr 3 |
In Spain Sarhane Abdelmajid Fakhet (35), a Tunisian national and the alleged ringleader of last month's train bombings in Madrid, was among 5 suspects who blew themselves up as police raided their apartment. Links: Spain, Tunisia
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2004 Apr |
In Tunisia the Nawaat collective blog was created. It was quickly blocked and remained blocked until January 2011. It played a major role in channeling the opposition to Ben Ali's long rule and covered protests that culminated in his ouster. Links: Tunisia
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2004 May 22 |
An Arab League summit met for a 2-day session in Tunis. 8 Arab leaders, including Crown Prince Abdullah of Saudi Arabia, failed to show up and Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi walked out on the 1st day. Links: Libya, Arab League, Tunisia
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2004 May 23 |
In Tunisia Arab leaders concluded a 2-day summit and committed their countries to political reforms. Links: Arab League, Tunisia
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2004 Jul 17 |
French Defence Minister Michele Alliot-Marie proposed a defense partnership between 3 North African countries, Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia -- and four southern European countries, France, Italy, Portugal and Spain, preferably at defense minister level. Links: Algeria, Italy, Portugal, Spain, France, Morocco, Tunisia
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2004 Oct 3 |
Twenty-two would-be immigrants drowned and 42 were missing after a boat that was to have carried them across the Mediterranean broke up and sank off the Tunisian coast. Links: Tunisia
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2005 Aug 6 |
A Tunis Air jet carrying 35 passengers went down in the sea off the Sicilian coast, and rescuers were on their way. 16 people were killed, while 23 survived. A bad fuel gauge on the Tuninter plane caused the crash. On March 23, 2009, the Tunisian pilot who paused to pray instead of taking emergency measures before crash-landing his plane, was sentenced to 10 years in jail by an Italian court along with his co-pilot. Another five employees of Tuninter, a subsidiary of Tunisair, were sentenced to between 8 and 9 years in jail. Links: Air Crash, Sicily, Tunisia
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2005 Oct 18 |
In Tunisia 8 prominent opponents of the government went on a hunger strike ahead of a world summit on information in Tunis. They called for freedom of the press and of association and want Tunisia’s 600-odd political prisoners to be freed. Links: Tunisia
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2005 Nov 16 |
A UN technology summit opened in Tunisia after an 11th-hour agreement that leaves the United States with ultimate oversight of the main computers that direct the Internet's flow of information, commerce and dissent. Links: UN, Technology, Internet, Tunisia
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2006 Feb 10 |
In Sicily NATO defense ministers sought to calm Islamic anger over cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad at a counterterrorism meeting with Arab countries including Israel, Egypt, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Jordan and Mauritania. Links: Algeria, NATO, Egypt, Israel, Morocco, Sicily, Jordan, Mauritania, Tunisia
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2006 Feb 11 |
In Tunis US Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld and leaders of Tunisia pledged to build closer military ties to help combat Islamic extremism. Links: USA, Tunisia
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2007 Jan 3 |
In Tunisia at least 14 people, including two security forces, were killed in the shootout in Soliman, 25 miles south of the capital, Tunis. Fifteen people were arrested. On Jan 12 the interior minister said nearly 30 Islamic extremists involved in a deadly gunbattle with police had blueprints of foreign embassies and documents naming foreign envoys. Links: Tunisia
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2007 Apr 30 |
In southern Tunisia a stampede at an open-air concert by stars of the Arab version of "American Idol" killed seven young people and injured 32. Links: Pop&Rock, Tunisia
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