Home
Subject list
Somalia
Somalia
|
1960 Jul 1 |
French and Italian Somaliland gained independence and united with the Somali Republic. Links: Italy, France, Somalia 
|
||
|
1969 Oct 21 |
In Somalia Marxist dictator Maj. Gen. Mohamed Siad Barre (1919-1995) staged a coup and threw PM Mohamed Ibrahim Egal in jail, where he spent 12 years. Links: Somalia
|
||
|
1972 |
The Somali language first became a written language. Links: Somalia, Language
|
||
|
1977 Oct 18 |
West German commandos stormed a hijacked Lufthansa jetliner that was on the ground in Mogadishu, Somalia, freeing all 86 hostages and killing three of the four hijackers, Palestinians of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. In 1996 Suhaila al-Sayeh was sentenced to 12 years in prison by a German court. Links: Germany, Palestine, Somalia, Hijacking
|
||
|
1977 |
The viral disease smallpox was declared eradicated by the World Health Organization (WHO). The last case of smallpox, spread by variola virus, was reported in Somalia. Int’l. immunization ceased by 1978 in most countries. In 1997 the related Monkey virus broke out in Zaire. Links: Microbiology, Somalia, CongoDRC, WHO
|
||
| |||
|
1977 |
Somalia and Ethiopia engaged in battle. The Soviet Union provided tanks to both sides. Somalia tried and failed to push into the Ogaden area of Ethiopia. The Somalis managed to reach the walled city of Harer, a center for Islam in Ethiopia. Links: Russia, Ethiopia, USSR, Somalia
|
||
|
1978 Feb 7 |
Ethiopia mounted a counter attack against Somalia. Links: Ethiopia, Somalia
|
||
|
1978 Apr 9 |
In Somalia a coup attempt failed. Links: Somalia
|
||
|
1978 Oct 26 |
In Somalia the 17 leaders of the April coup were executed. Links: Somalia
|
||
|
1979 Aug 25 |
Somalia adopted a 2nd constitution. The first was adopted in 1961 following independence. Links: Somalia
|
||
|
1981 Apr |
A group of Isaaq emigrés living in London formed the Somali National Movement (SNM), which subsequently became the strongest of Somalia's various insurgent movements. According to its spokesmen, the rebels wanted to overthrow Siad Barre's dictatorship. Links: Britain, Somalia
|
||
|
1981 Oct |
The Somali National Movement (SNM) rebels elected Ahmad Mahammad Culaid and Ahmad Ismaaiil Abdi as chairman and secretary general, respectively, of the movement. Links: Somalia
|
||
|
1981 Oct |
The Somali Salvation Front (SSF) merged with the radical-left Somali Workers Party (SWP) and the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Somalia (DFLS) to form the Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF). Links: Somalia
|
||
|
1981 |
China emerged as a major arms supplier to the Siad Barre regime in Somalia. Links: China, Somalia
|
||
|
1981 |
Northern Somalia rebelled against dictator Mohammed Siad Barre. A national civil war followed. During the civil was an estimated 40,000 people were killed and about 400,000 refugees fled to Ethiopia. Links: Ethiopia, Somalia
|
||
| |||
|
1982 Jan 2 |
The Somali National Movement (SNM) launched its first military operation against the Somali government. Operating from Ethiopian bases. Links: Ethiopia, Somalia
|
||
|
1989 Nov 20 |
The Int’l. Convention on the Rights of the Child was established to protect the economic, social and civil rights of children. The US and Somalia did not ratify the Convention. Links: USA, UN, Somalia, Kids
|
||
|
1989 1991 |
Somaliland fought a civil war with the regime of Somali Pres. Mohamed Siad Barre. Links: Somalia, Somaliland
|
||
|
1990 Sep 2 |
The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) entered into force. As of 2008 only the United States and Somalia had failed to ratify the document. Links: USA, UN, Somalia
|
||
|
1991 Jan 27 |
Muhammad Siad Barre, the dictator of the Somali Democratic Republic since 1969, fled Mogadishu as rebels overran his palace and captured the Somali capital. Dictator Siad Barre was ousted and power fractured into some 27 warring sides and Ali Mahdi Mohamed declared himself president. Links: Somalia
|
||
| |||
|
1991 |
In Somalia dictator Barre fell from power and the northeast corner of the country declared itself the independent Republic of Somaliland. Links: Somalia, Somaliland
|
||
|
1991 |
Thousands of Bantus fled Somalia for Kenya. In 1999 the US designated this group of people as persecuted and eligible for resettlement in the US. Links: USA, Kenya, Somalia
|
||
|
1991 1992 |
Some 350,000 Somalis died from disease, starvation and civil war. Links: Somalia
|
||
|
1992 Aug 14 |
Pres. Bush ordered the Pentagon to begin emergency airlifts of food to Somalia which was suffering from severe famine and factional warfare. Links: USA, Somalia, BushHW
|
||
|
1992 Aug 28 |
US cargo planes landed in Somalia with tons of food for African famine victims. Links: USA, Somalia
|
||
|
1992 Aug 29 |
The U.N. Security Council agreed to send 3,000 more relief troops to Somalia to guard food shipments. Links: UN, Somalia
|
||
|
1992 Oct 9 |
To protect the US food airlift, the first American forces arrived in Somalia. Links: USA, Somalia
|
||
|
1992 Nov 26 |
An aid agency predicted disaster if the United States sends a large military force to Somalia. Links: USA, Somalia
|
||
|
1992 Dec 3 |
The U.N. Security Council unanimously approved a U.S.-led military mission to help starving Somalia. Links: USA, UN, Somalia
|
||
|
1992 Dec 4 |
President Bush ordered American troops to lead a mercy mission to Somalia, threatening military action against warlords and gangs who were blocking food for starving millions. Links: USA, Somalia, BushHW
|
||
| |||
|
1992 Dec 8 |
Americans got to see live television coverage of U.S. troops landing on the beaches of Somalia as Operation Restore Hope began (because of the time difference, it was early December ninth in Somalia). Links: USA, Somalia
|
||
|
1992 Dec 9 |
U.S. Marines landed in Somalia to ensure that food and medicine reach the deprived areas of that country. The US Operations Restore Hope, Continue Hope and others began in Somalia and ended Mar 3, 1995. They cost $1.7 billion and left 43 US casualties with 153 wounded. Links: USA, Somalia
|
||
|
1992 Dec 20 |
U.S. Marines and Belgian paratroopers in Somalia took control of Kismayu's port and airport; the first truck convoy in more than a month reached the starving inland town of Baidoa. Links: Belarus, Belgium, USA, Somalia
|
||
|
1992 Dec 23 |
An American mission to save lives in Somalia lost the first of its own when a U.S. vehicle hit a land mine near Bardera, killing civilian Army employee Lawrence N. Freedman of Fayetteville, N.C. In all over 100 peacekeepers died in Somalia including 42 Americans. Links: USA, Somalia, North Carolina
|
||
|
1992 Dec 25 |
U.S. Marines delivered wheat to a refugee camp in Bardera, Somalia, setting off a small riot among the Somalis; American and French troops also took control of Hoddur. Links: USA, France, Somalia
|
||
| |||
|
1992 Dec 28 |
Somalia's two main warlords, Mohamed Farrah Aidid and Ali Mahdi Mohamed, promised an end to their hostilities. Links: Somalia
|
||
|
1992 Dec 30 |
President Bush embarked on the final foreign trip of his term in office, heading to a Black Sea summit with Russian President Boris Yeltsin, with a stopover in Somalia to visit U.S. troops helping famine victims. Links: Russia, USA, Somalia, BushHW
|
||
|
1992 Dec 31 |
President Bush visited Somalia, where he saw firsthand the famine racking the east African nation. He praised U.S. troops that provided relief to the starving population. Links: USA, Somalia, BushHW
|
||
|
1992 Dec |
Italy sent 2,500 combat troops to Somalia as part of the US-sponsored multinational force. Links: Italy, Somalia
|
||
|
1992 |
In Kenya three Somali clans in the Wajir district -- the Ajuran, Ogaden and Degodia broke out into war after the elections. More than 2,000 people were killed. Links: Kenya, Somalia
|
||
|
1992 1994 |
In Somalia Italian Warrant Officer Francesco Aloi kept a diary while on duty and documented instances of rape, torture and other brutality against the Somalis. Links: Italy, Somalia, Rape
|
||
|
1992 |
A UN arms embargo was imposed in Somalia. Links: UN, Somalia
|
||
|
1993 Jan 1 |
President Bush continued to tour Somalia, greeting hundreds of cheering youngsters and foreign relief workers at an orphanage in Baidoa. Links: USA, Somalia, BushHW
|
||
|
1993 Jan 3 |
Three days after he was jeered in Sarajevo, U.N. Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali took refuge from angry Somalis in Mogadishu. Links: UN, Somalia
|
||
|
1993 Jan 7 |
US forces in Somalia unleashed tank, helicopter and rocket fire on two clan camps in Mogadishu where snipers had been taking potshots at the troops. Cpl. James Perciavalle of Leetsdale, Pa., became the 1st US Marine wounded by friendly fire in Somalia. Links: USA, Pennsylvania, Somalia
|
||
| |||
|
1993 Jan 13 |
Marine Pvt. 1st Class Domingo Arroyo became the first U.S. serviceman to be killed in Somalia. Links: USA, Somalia
|
||
|
1993 Jan 19 |
The first American combat troops flew home from their humanitarian mission in Somalia. Links: USA, Somalia
|
||
|
1993 Jan 25 |
Lance Cpl. Anthony D. Botello (21) of Wilburton, Oklahoma, was killed by a sniper in Mogadishu, Somalia. Links: USA, Somalia, Oklahoma
|
||
|
1993 Mar 16 |
Canadian soldiers in Somalia beat to death a local teenager, Shidane Arone, during their participation in the UN humanitarian efforts. An inquiry led to the disbanding of Canada's elite Canadian Airborne Regiment, greatly damaged the morale of the Canadian Forces, and damaged both the domestic and international reputation of Canadian soldiers. Links: Canada, Somalia
|
||
|
1993 Mar |
Canadian peacekeepers in Somalia tortured and killed a 16-year-old boy who had penetrated their compound. Links: Canada, Somalia
|
||
| |||
|
1993 May 4 |
The United States handed over control of the relief effort in Somalia to the United Nations. Links: USA, UN, Somalia
|
||
|
1993 Jun 5 |
In Somalia, militiamen loyal to Mohamed Farrah Aidid killed 24 Pakistani soldiers. Links: Somalia
|
||
|
1993 Jun 11 |
United Nations forces launched a nighttime attack against the forces of Somali warlord Mohamed Farrah Aidid. Links: UN, Somalia
|
||
|
1993 Jun 17 |
U.N. forces in Somalia searched in vain for warlord Mohamed Farrah Aidid. Links: UN, Somalia
|
||
|
1993 Jul 12 |
In Somalia a mob avenging a deadly United Nations attack on the compound of Mohamed Farrah Aidid killed Dan Eldon (22), a US photo-journalist working for Reuters, and three colleagues. They were stoned and beaten to death at the scene of a bombing by UN forces of a house believed to be the headquarters of Gen’l. Aidid. Links: USA, UN, Somalia, Journalism
|
||
|
1993 Aug 8 |
In Somalia, four U.S. soldiers were killed when a land mine was detonated underneath their vehicle. This prompted President Clinton to order Army Rangers to try to capture Somali warlord Mohamed Farrah Aidid. Links: USA, Somalia, ClintonB
|
||
|
1993 Sep 5 |
Seven Nigerian soldiers were killed in a militia ambush in Somalia as they went to the aid of other UN peacekeepers surrounded by a stone-throwing mob. Links: Somalia, Nigeria
|
||
|
1993 Sep 9 |
About a hundred Somali gunmen and civilians were killed when U.S. and Pakistani peacekeepers fired on Somalis attacking other peacekeepers. Links: USA, Pakistan, Somalia
|
||
|
1993 Sep 25 |
Three U.S. soldiers in Somalia were killed when their helicopter was downed by a rocket-propelled grenade. Links: USA, Somalia
|
||
|
1993 Oct 3 |
President Clinton expressed sorrow at the deaths of American soldiers in Somalia, but reaffirmed that U.S. forces would stay in the African nation. Links: USA, Somalia, ClintonB
|
||
| |||
